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reeducation camp
Reeducation camp ((ベトナム語:trại học tập cải tạo)) is the official title given to the prison camps operated by the Communist government of Vietnam following the end of the Vietnam War. In such "reeducation camps", the government imprisoned over 1 million former military officers, government workers and supporters of the former government of South Vietnam. Reeducation as it was implemented in Vietnam was seen as both a means of revenge and as a sophisticated technique of repression and indoctrination, which developed for several years in the North and was extended to the South following the 1975 Fall of Saigon. An estimated 1-2.5〔Desbarats, Jacqueline. "Repression in the Socialist Republic of Vietnam: Executions and Population Relocation", from ''The Vietnam Debate'' (1990) by John Morton Moore.〕 million people were imprisoned with no formal charges or trials.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Millions of lives changed forever with Saigon's fall )〕 According to published academic studies in the United States and Europe, 165,000 people died in the Socialist Republic of Vietnam's re-education camps.〔 Thousands were tortured or abused. Prisoners were incarcerated for as long as 17 years, with most terms ranging from three to 10 years.〔
The term 'reeducation camp' is also used to refer to prison camps operated by the People's Republic of China during the Cultural Revolution, or to the laogai and laojiao camps currently operated by the Chinese government. The theory underlying such camps is the Maoist theory of reforming counter-revolutionaries into socialist citizens by re-education through labor.
==Meaning of ''trại học tập cải tạo''==
The term ''reeducation'', with its pedagogical overtones, does not quite convey the quasi-mystical resonance of ''trại học tập cải tạo'' in Vietnamese. ''Cải'' ("to transform", from Sino-Vietnamese 改) and ''tạo'' ("to create", from Sino-Vietnamese 造) combine to literally mean an attempt at re-creation, and making over sinful or incomplete individuals.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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